On the lectotype designation of Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg) (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae).

The lectotype specimen of Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg) and its designation have remained imprecisely documented since its publication. The lack of a photograph or an unambiguous illustration, correct size, inaccurate labelling, and proper specimen separation has led to an uncertainty about the identity and nomenclatural status of the lectotype. We recovered and provided detailed morphological data on the specimen that must be recognised as the lectotype. This contribution brings stability and clarity on the nomenclatural status of the species and its type material.

Phylogenetic relationships and description of two new species of Diapoma (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the La Plata River basin

Herein we describe two new species of Diapoma, one from the Negro River, a tributary of the Uruguay River in Brazil and Uruguay, and one from the Iguaçu River, in Brazil and Argentina. The new species from the Negro River basin is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: a black narrow and conspicuous line restricted to the body horizontal septum, incomplete lateral line, tricuspid teeth in the inner series of the premaxilla, and a lower body depth at vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (29.3-32.8% SL in males and 27.7-33.3% SL in females). The new species from the Iguaçu River basin is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: a discontinuous lateral line, adipose fin hyaline, longer anal-fin base (26.5-32.4% SL), and a longitudinal black stripe along the median region of caudal-fin rays. Additionally, we updated the molecular phylogeny of the genus, including new sequences from these two new species and Diapoma thauma. An identification key for species of Diapoma is presented, modified from previous study.(AU)

Neste trabalho descrevemos duas espécies novas de Diapoma, uma do rio Negro, afluente do rio Uruguai, Brasil e Uruguai, e a segunda do rio Iguaçu, Brasil e Argentina. A espécie nova do rio Negro é diagnosticada de suas congêneres pela combinação das seguintes características: uma linha preta, estreita e conspícua restrita ao septo horizontal do corpo, linha lateral incompleta, dentes da série interna da pré-maxila tricuspidados, e baixa altura do corpo na vertical que passa pela origem da nadadeira dorsal (29,3-32,8% SL em machos e 27,7-33,3% SL em fêmeas). A espécie nova do rio Iguaçu é diagnosticada de suas congêneres pela combinação das seguintes características: linha lateral descontínua, nadadeira adiposa não pigmentada de preto, base da nadadeira anal longa (26,5-32,4% SL) e raios médios da nadadeira caudal com uma linha preta longitudinal. Adicionalmente, atualizamos a filogenia molecular do gênero, incluindo novas sequências destas duas espécies novas e de Diapoma thauma. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Diapoma é apresentada, modificada de estudo anterior.(AU)

A new species of Diapoma (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) from the Rio Paraná basin, with an identification key to the species of the genus.

Diapoma nandi is described from the Piray-Miní stream, a tributary of the Rio Paraná in Argentina. It is characterized among the Stevardiinae by having a terminal mouth, two unbranched and eight branched dorsal-fin rays, one unbranched and six branched pelvic-fin rays and the absence of a caudal-fin organ and is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: unmodified scales on the lower caudal-fin lobe, lack of enlarged opercle and subopercle, incomplete lateral line, hyaline adipose fin, anal-fin distal border straight or slightly convex in adult males, large tricuspid teeth on anterior region of the dentary, distal arrangements of the anal-fin bony hooks in adult males, middle caudal-fin rays lacking large round blotch and several morphometric variables associated with body shape. Additionally, we conducted a morphometric comparison focused on the congeners that co-occur in the Paraná basin.

Taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax Eigenmann, 1912 (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae).

Gephyrocharax currently comprises 13 valid species distributed in the Cis- and Trans-Andean basins of the Neotropical region. The genus has not been reviewed in more than 80 years, and thus, the older species descriptions are poorly detailed, based on small samples of specimens, and supported by uninformative diagnoses. The present review is based on external morphology and morphometric, meristic, osteological, and myological data. Counts and measurements were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical procedures implemented in PAST and SigmaPlot. Cases of synonyms and geographic variation were evaluated using sheared principal components analyses (SPCA). Eleven valid species are recognized for the genus: G. atracaudatus, G. caucanus, G. chocoensis, G. intermedius, G. major, G. martae, G. melanocheir, G. sinuensis, G. torresi, G. valencia, and G. venezuelae. Gephyrocharax whaleri is proposed as junior synonym of G. intermedius, and Corynopomops opisthopterus and G. chaparae are proposed as junior synonyms of G. major. A lectotype for G. major and neotypes for G. melanocheir and G. sinuensis are designated. Gephyrocharax atracaudatus is confirmed for the first time in the Palenque River basin of the Pears islands in the Gulf of Panama. New distributional records are reported for G. major in the Amazon River basin. Gephyrocharax major and G. valencia are the most widely distributed members of the genus. Distributional and georeferenced maps are presented for all Gephyrocharax species based on extensive examined material. An identification key of the Gephyrocharax species is provided.

Una nueva especie de pez del género Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) del río Magdalena, con una clave para las especies de Colombia

A new species of fish of the genus Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the Magdalena river, with a key to Colombian species. Based on a series of 90 specimens, and using morphometric, meristic and osteological characters, a new species of the genus Bryconamericus is described from Pontesuela Creek at the mouth of Coclina Creek in the middle Magdalena river Basin of Colombia. We use box graphs with 99% confidence intervals to illustrate the extent of meristic character overlap and to help distinguish this new taxon from other species of the Magdalena River. The species can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: the higher number of lateral line scales (50-54 vs. 30-50, except B. terrabensis with 47-54); more scales between the lateral line and the dorsal fin origin (9-11 vs. 4-9); more scales between the lateral line and the pelvic fin origin (8-10 vs. 2-8); more scales between lateral line and anal fin origin (8-10 vs. 2-8, except B. terrabensis with 6-9) and more predorsal scales (16-18 vs. 9-16, except B. huilae with 14-19 scales, B. galvisi with 12-17 and B. tolimae with 13-17). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (4): 1749-1763. Epub 2008 December 12.

Con base en una serie de 90 ejemplares, en caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y osteología, se describe una nueva especie de Bryconamericus de la Quebrada La Pontesuela, boca de la quebrada Coclina, cuenca media del río Magdalena en Colombia. Se utiliza un gráfico de cajas con intervalos de confianza al 99% para ilustrar la medida merística que mostrara menor solapamiento y distinguiera parcialmente al nuevo taxon de las otras especies del río Magdalena. La especie se distingue de sus congéneres por el mayor número de escamas: sobre la línea lateral (50-54 vs. 30-50, excepto B. terrabensis con 47-54 escamas), entre la línea lateral y el origen de la aleta dorsal (9-11 vs. 4-9), entre la línea lateral y el origen de las aletas pélvicas (8-10 vs. 2-8), entre la línea lateral y el origen de la aleta anal (8-10 vs. 2-8 excepto B. terrabensis con 6-9) y predorsales (16-18 vs. 9-16, excepto B. huilae con 14-19 escamas, B. galvisi con 12 a 17 y B. tolimae con 13-17).

[A new species of fish of the genus Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the Magdalena River, with a key to Colombian species]. / Una nueva especie de pez del género Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) del río Magdalena, con una clave para las especies de Colombia.

Based on a series of 90 specimens, and using morphometric, meristic and osteological characters, a new species of the genus Bryconamericus is described from Pontesuela Creek at the mouth of Coclina Creek in the middle Magdalena river Basin of Colombia. We use box graphs with 99% confidence intervals to illustrate the extent ofmeristic character overlap and to help distinguish this new taxon from other species of the Magdalena River. The species can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: the higher number of lateral line scales (50-54 vs. 30-50, except B. terrabensis with 47-54); more scales between the lateral line and the dorsal fin origin (9-11 vs. 4-9); more scales between the lateral line and the pelvic fin origin (8-10 vs. 2-8); more scales between lateral line and anal fin origin (8-10 vs. 2-8, except B. terrabensis with 6-9) and more predorsal scales (16-18 vs. 9-16, except B. huilae with 14-19 scales, B. galvisi with 12-17 and B. tolimae with 13-17).